What is Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS)?

                         

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is known as "burning tongue (or lips) syndrome."  It is a chronic dental condition that is often described as a burning sensation felt on the tongue, lips, cheeks, the roof of the mouth and the back of the mouth or throat.  For some patients, the discomfort is constant that lasts for months or years, while others may suffer from occasional discomfort.  The intensity of discomfort varies from person to person because the syndrome affects everyone differently.  BMS affects both men and women, but it seems to be more common in women during or after menopause.

The exact cause of BMS is unclear and is still being researched.  Dentists and physicians work together may recommend medications and treatment plans to provide relief of symptoms.
Signs & symptoms of BMS
Burning sensation on the tongue, lips, cheeks, the roof of the mouth, back of the mouth or throat
Dry or sore mouth
Tingling or numb sensation throughout the mouth and tongue
A bitter or metallic taste
Causes of BMS

The possible causes of BMS are many and complex.  Many patients have multiple causes.
Dry mouth
-use of certain medications for treating high blood pressure, Sjogren's syndrome (an autoimmune disease), antidepressants and other medications may cause dry mouth
Oral conditions
-oral yeast infection (thrush) is a common cause of a burning mouth
-geographic tongue causes dry mouth, sore, patchy tongue
Irritating dentures
-materials used to fabricate dentures may cause allergy reaction in some patients
-dentures may place stress on some muscles and tissues of the mouth
Oral habits
-tongue thrusting
-teeth grinding (bruxism) can irritate the mouth
-excessive brushing of the tongue
-allergic reactions to the ingredients in the toothpaste or mouthwash

Other medical and health conditions have been linked to burning mouth syndrome:
Nutritional deficiency-vitamin B, iron, zinc
Endocrine disorders-diabetes, hypothyroidism
Hormonal imbalances in women during and after menopause
Reflux of stomach acid (gastroesophageal reflux disease)-the sour or bitter-tasting fluid that enters the mouth from the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract may cause irritation and pain in the mouth
Neuropathy-damage to nerves that control taste and pain in the tongue may cause a burning sensation in the mouth
Allergy-allergic reactions to foods, food flavorings, food additives, dyes or other substances
Psychological problems-depression and anxiety may contribute to the development of BMS
Treatment of burning mouth syndrome
Identifying all the causes is important for the dentist and physician to develop a treatment plan to treat the patient.
Dry mouth-the dentist may advise that you drink more fluids or may suggest saliva replacement products
Oral thrush-treat with oral antifungal medications
Irritating dentures-polish sharp edges of broken partials/dentures, replace broken teeth and make sure the dentures fit well in the mouth
Oral habits-wear a night guard for teeth grinding at night
Eliminate the use of mouthwash, tobacco, acidic liquids (fruit juice), soda, coffee for 2 WEEKS, and see if there is any improvement.

If the dentist determines that no oral conditions are causing the burning sensation in the mouth, consult with the physician.  The physician may order blood tests to look for other medical and health conditions that may be the cause of the burning sensation.
Helpful Tips to soothe the burning sensation
Chew sugarless gum
Sip water or suck on ice chips
Avoid alcohol, tobacco products, smoking cigarettes
Avoid hot or spicy foods
Avoid acidic foods (citrus foods and juices)

Dr. Anna Lee is a general & cosmetic dentist in Glendora, CA.  She is experienced in all phases of dentistry.  She treats patients of all ages.  If you have symptoms of Burning Mouth Syndrome, call our office for a dental checkup.  Call our office at 626-335-5114 for a dental appointment or visit us at     www.annaleedds.com.